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In early 2013, the deepest known hydrothermal vents were discovered in the Caribbean Sea at a depth of almost 5,000 metres (16,000 ft). [102] Oceanographers are studying the volcanoes and hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca mid ocean ridge where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. [103]
Hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977 by scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. So far, the discovered hydrothermal vents are all located at the boundaries of plates: East Pacific, California, Mid-Atlantic ridge, China and Japan.
Marine geologists using Alvin in the Pacific Ocean discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vents and associated biologic communities during two expeditions to ocean spreading centers. In 1977 scientists in Alvin discovered low temperature (~20 °C) vents on the Galapagos spreading center east of those same islands. [13]
Samples from the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents off the southwest coast of British Columbia showed that active venting black smokers had viral abundances from 1.45×10 5 to 9.90×10 7 per mL, with a drop-off in abundance found in the hydrothermal-vent plume (3.5×10 6 per mL) and outside the venting system (2.94×10 6 per mL).
They were discovered when a deep-diving, remotely operated vehicle dug into sections of the crust where two tectonic plates meet and there are hydrothermal vents, which are like hot springs on the ...
The hydrothermal vent fields—Salty Dawg, High Rise, Main Endeavour, and Mothra—were divided up into four different subfields after being mapped in 1991. A fifth vent field, Sasquatch, was later discovered in 2000 and is situated just north of Salty Dawg. [ 29 ]
Giant tubeworms - the world's heftiest worms - and other marine invertebrates such as snails and bristle worms were found using the remotely operated underwater vehicle SuBastian.
Seven large hydrothermal fields have been discovered within the waters of the Azores: Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (discovered in 1992), is the largest known hydrothermal field within the archipelago, with 21 active vents spread over 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi). The hydrothermal fluids reach temperatures of 330 °C (626 °F) (very close ...