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Since 2005, evidence for substantial admixture of Neanderthal DNA in modern populations is accumulating. [2] [3] [4] The divergence time between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages is estimated at between 750,000 and 400,000 years ago. The recent time is suggested by Endicott et al. (2010) [5] and Rieux et al. (2014). [6]
In Papuans, Neanderthal genetic variants are found in highest frequency in genes expressed in the brain, whereas Denisovan DNA has the highest frequency in genes expressed in bones and other tissues. [51] A Neanderthal allele inherited by modern humans, SNP rs3917862, is with associated with hypercoagulability.
Due to natural selection, the percentage of Neanderthal DNA in ancient Europeans gradually decreased over time. From 45,000 BP to 7,000 BP, the percentage dropped from around 3–6% to 2%. [13] The removal of Neanderthal-derived alleles occurred more frequently around genes than other parts of the genome. [13]
The Neanderthal DNA found in modern human genomes has long raised questions about ancient interbreeding. New studies offer a timeline of when that occurred and when ancient humans left Africa.
The scientists discovered that the percentage of Homo sapiens DNA in the Neanderthal genome may have been as high as 10% more than 200,000 years ago and decreased over time; on average, it was 2.5 ...
Human DNA recovered from remains found in Europe is revealing our species’ shared history with Neanderthals. The trove is the oldest Homo sapiens DNA ever documented, scientists say.
[68] [69] In 2015, the 40,000 year old modern human Oase 1 was found to have had 6–9% (point estimate 7.3%) Neanderthal DNA, indicating a Neanderthal ancestor up to four to six generations earlier, but this hybrid Romanian population does not appear to have made a substantial contribution to the genomes of later Europeans.
Most humans alive today can trace a very small percentage of their DNA to Neanderthals. However, Neanderthal DNA is slightly more abundant in the genomes of certain populations.