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A simple example of this system is a pair of charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign separated by some typically small distance. (A permanent electric dipole is called an electret.) A magnetic dipole is the closed circulation of an electric current system. A simple example is a single loop of wire with constant current through it.
In particular, as in the example above that uses a constant dipole moment density confined to a finite region, a surface charge and depolarization field results. A more general version of this model (which allows the polarization to vary with position) is the customary approach using electric susceptibility or electrical permittivity .
A common example of a dipole is the rabbit ears television antenna found on broadcast television sets. All dipoles are electrically equivalent to two monopoles mounted end-to-end and fed with opposite phases, with the ground plane between them made virtual by the opposing monopole.
In organic chemistry, a dipolar compound or simply dipole is an electrically neutral molecule carrying a positive and a negative charge in at least one canonical description. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized . [ 1 ]
An example of a dipole–dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride (HCl): the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position. Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl 3).
Other examples include sugars (like sucrose), which have many polar oxygen–hydrogen (−OH) groups and are overall highly polar. If the bond dipole moments of the molecule do not cancel, the molecule is polar. For example, the water molecule (H 2 O) contains two polar O−H bonds in a bent (nonlinear) geometry.
For example, the transition from a bonding orbital to an antibonding orbital is allowed because the integral defining the transition dipole moment is nonzero. Such a transition occurs between an even and an odd orbital; the dipole operator, μ → {\displaystyle {\vec {\mu }}} , is an odd function of r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } , hence the ...
An electric dipole transition is the dominant effect of an interaction of an electron in an atom with the electromagnetic field. Following reference, [ 1 ] consider an electron in an atom with quantum Hamiltonian H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} , interacting with a plane electromagnetic wave