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Ovarian cysts may be classified according to whether they are a variant of the normal menstrual cycle, referred to as a functional or follicular cyst. [6] Ovarian cysts are considered large when they are over 5 cm and giant when they are over 15 cm. In children, ovarian cysts reaching above the level of the umbilicus are considered giant.
Without treatment, about 10 percent of those with a chlamydial infection and 40 percent of those with a gonorrhea infection will develop PID. [2] [10] Risk factors are generally similar to those of sexually transmitted infections and include a high number of sexual partners and drug use. [2] Vaginal douching may also increase the risk. [2]
It is common for many women to develop a cyst in their lifetime. [4] At times, these can go unnoticed without pain or visible symptoms. A cyst may develop in either of the ovaries that are responsible for producing hormones and carrying eggs. Ovarian cysts can be of various types, such as dermoid cysts, endometrioma cysts, and the functional cyst.
Risk factors include ovarian cysts, ovarian enlargement, ovarian tumors, pregnancy, fertility treatment, and prior tubal ligation. [3] [2] [5] The diagnosis may be supported by an ultrasound done via the vagina or CT scan, but these do not completely rule out the diagnosis. [2] Surgery is the most accurate method of diagnosis. [2]
One of the most important factors used to determine the clinical suspicion of malignancy of an adnexal mass is the sonographic appearance of the mass. [2] Indications that the mass is at a higher risk of being malignant include the presence of loculations, nodules , papillary structures, septations , or a size greater than 10 cm. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Peritoneal inclusion cysts are commonly visualized on ultrasonography as a spider-web-like pattern. A normal-looking ovary is encircled by a big, irregular or oval, echolucent cyst with fine internal septations. The ovary is frequently located in the middle of the inclusion cyst or on its lateral aspect, appearing to be dangling inside the cyst ...
It may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [6] [7] [68] Risk factors include obesity, a lack of physical exercise, and a family history of someone with the condition. [8] Diagnosis is based on two of the following three findings: anovulation, high androgen levels, and ovarian cysts. [4] Cysts may be detectable by ...
Genetic factors, stress and depression are risk factors for dysmenorrhea. [22] Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea include: early age at menarche, long or heavy menstrual periods, smoking, and a family history of dysmenorrhea. [12] Dysmenorrhea is a highly polygenic and heritable condition. [23] There is strong evidence of familial ...