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Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.
While the hemo-dynamic methods are effective for observing spatial and chemical changes, they cannot show the time course of these changes. Electromagnetic imaging methods are capable of capturing real-time changes in the brain's electrical currents. [18] Electroencephalography (EEG) imaging utilizes small electrodes that are attached to the scalp.
Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration can be found in the brain at many different levels of neuronal circuitry, ranging from molecular to systemic. [4]
Diagnosing alcohol-related dementia can be difficult due to the wide range of symptoms and a lack of specific brain pathology. [3] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) is a guide to aid doctors in diagnosing a range of psychiatric disorders, and may be helpful in diagnosing dementia. [9]
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
Using your brain to read a book, solve a puzzle, or learn to play an instrument, for example, allows for neurons to make new memories, which creates a feedback loop of maintaining brain health ...
Brain atrophy was only found upon post-mortem autopsy. Wernicke believed these hemorrhages were due to inflammation and thus the disease was named polioencephalitis haemorrhagica superior. Later, it was found that Wernicke encephalopathy and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome are products of the same cause. [33]
Cerebral small vessel disease is a heterogeneous condition involving damage to the small blood vessels in the brain, leading to brain tissue damage and atrophy of the brain structures.