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Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In thermofluids dynamics, the bulk temperature, or the average bulk temperature in the thermal fluid, is a convenient reference point for evaluating properties related to convective heat transfer, particularly in applications related to flow in pipes and ducts.
The standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions.A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°), or change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).
From the ideal gas law pV=nRT, the volume of such a sample can be used as an indicator of temperature; in this manner it defines temperature. Although pressure is defined mechanically, a pressure-measuring device, called a barometer may also be constructed from a sample of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature.
A definition of temperature can be based on the relationship: = The relationship suggests that a positive temperature corresponds to the condition where entropy, S, increases as thermal energy, q rev, is added to the system. This is the "normal" condition in the macroscopic world, and is always the case for the translational, vibrational ...
A temperature coefficient describes the relative change of a physical property that is associated with a given change in temperature. For a property R that changes when the temperature changes by dT , the temperature coefficient α is defined by the following equation:
The operative temperature, which is a more functional measure of thermal comfort in a building, is calculated from air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air speed. [6] Maintaining a balance between the operative temperature and the mean radiant temperature can create a more comfortable space. [7]
The Boyle temperature, named after Robert Boyle, is formally defined as the temperature for which the second virial coefficient, (), becomes zero. It is at this temperature that the attractive forces and the repulsive forces acting on the gas particles balance out