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Types of retinopathy caused by drug abuse include maculopathy, Saturday night retinopathy, and talc retinopathy. Common symptoms include temporary and permanent vision loss, blurred vision, and night blindness. Substances commonly associated with this condition include poppers, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, tobacco, and alcohol. [1]
Those with cocaine-induced mood disorders displayed a significant loss of SLC18A2 immunoreactivity; this might reflect damage to dopamine axon terminals in the striatum. These neuronal changes could play a role in causing disordered mood and motivational processes in more severely addicted users.
Cocaine has a similar potential to induce temporary psychosis [22] with more than half of cocaine abusers reporting at least some psychotic symptoms at some point. [23] Typical symptoms include paranoid delusions that they are being followed and that their drug use is being watched, accompanied by hallucinations that support the delusional ...
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant known to make users feel energetic, cheerful, talkative, etc. In time, negative side effects include increased body temperature, irregular or rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and even sudden death from cardiac arrest.
The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membranes of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons.It transports monoamine neurotransmitters – such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine – into the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters into synapses, as chemical messages to postsynaptic neurons.
Depending on its method of action, a psychoactive substance may block the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron , or block reuptake or affect neurotransmitter synthesis in the pre-synaptic neuron . Psychoactive drugs operate by temporarily affecting a person's neurochemistry , which in turn causes changes in a person's mood, cognition ...
Cocaine is a relatively "balanced" inhibitor, although facilitation of dopaminergic neurotransmission is what has been linked to the reinforcing and addictive effects. In addition, cocaine has some serious limitations in terms of its cardiotoxicity [188] due to its local anesthetic activity. Thousands of cocaine users are admitted to emergency ...
Addictive stimuli have variable effects on dopamine receptors, depending on the particular stimulus. [58] According to one study, [59] cocaine, opioids like heroin, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine cause decreases in D 2 receptor quantity. A similar association has been linked to food addiction, with a low availability of dopamine receptors ...