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Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
Hookworm infection can be treated with local cryotherapy when the hookworm is still in the skin. [30] Albendazole is effective both in the intestinal stage and during the stage the parasite is still migrating under the skin. [30] In the case of anemia, iron supplementation can cause relief symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia.
In contrast, hookworms and whipworms can be eliminated at any time with a course of albendazole, made by GlaxoSmithKline . Strangely, a more pressing concern is keeping the creatures alive.
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
However, albendazole had a 95% cure rate for N. americanus, while mebendazole only had a 21% cure rate. This suggests albendazole is most effective for treating both T. trichiura and N. americanus. [7] During the 1910s, common treatments for hookworm included thymol, 2-naphthol, chloroform, gasoline, and eucalyptus oil. [8]
The efficacy of single-dose treatments for hookworm infections were: 72% for albendazole, 15% for mebendazole, and 31% for pyrantel pamoate. [18] A current concern with this parasite is the increase in drug resistance, such as benzimidazoles and mebendazoles. [19] Pregnant women should not be treated within their first trimester. [9]