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Common wheat was first domesticated in West Asia during the early Holocene, and spread from there to North Africa, Europe and East Asia in the prehistoric period. [citation needed] Naked wheats (including Triticum aestivum, T. durum, and T. turgidum) were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100 BCE to 300 CE.
Wheat is a group of wild and domesticated grasses of the genus Triticum (/ ˈ t r ɪ t ɪ k ə m /). [3] They are cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known wheat species and hybrids include the most widely grown common wheat ( T. aestivum ), spelt , durum , emmer , einkorn , and Khorasan or Kamut .
These founder crops were domesticated in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period, [4] between 10,500 and 7,500 years ago. [5] Different species formed the basis of early agricultural economies in other centres of domestication. For example, rice was first cultivated in the Yangtze River basin of East Asia in the early Neolithic.
The domestic form is known as petit épeautre in French, Einkorn in German, "einkorn" or "littlespelt" in English, piccolo farro in Italian and escanda menor in Spanish. [2] The name refers to the fact that each spikelet contains only one grain. Einkorn wheat was one of the first plants to be domesticated and cultivated.
The first domesticated wheats, einkorn and emmer, were hulled like their wild ancestors, but with rachises that (while not entirely tough) did not disarticulate at maturity. During the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period, at about 8000 BC, free-threshing forms of wheat evolved, with light glumes and fully tough rachis.
7000 BC – Cultivation of wheat, sesame, barley, and eggplant in Mehrgarh (modern day Pakistan). 7000 BC – Domestication of cattle and chicken in Mehrgarh, modern day Pakistan. 6800 BC – Rice domesticated in southeast Asia. 6500 BC – Evidence of cattle domestication in Turkey. [2] Some sources say this happened earlier in other parts of ...
Cereals that became modern barley and wheat were domesticated some 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent. [5] Millets and rice were domesticated in East Asia, while sorghum and other millets were domesticated in sub-Saharan West Africa, primarily as feed for livestock. [6] Maize arose from a single domestication in Mesoamerica about 9,000 ...
Corn, beans and squash were domesticated in Mesoamerica around 3500 BCE. Potatoes , quinoa and manioc were domesticated in South America. In what is now the eastern United States, Native Americans domesticated sunflower and sumpweed around 2500 BCE .