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The Black Death epidemic first arrived in England in 1348, re-occurring in waves during 1360–2, 1368–9, 1375 and more sporadically thereafter. [58] The most immediate economic impact of this disaster was the widespread loss of life, between around 27% mortality amongst the upper classes, to 40-70% amongst the peasantry.
The causes were "severe winters and rainy springs, summers and falls." Yields of crops fell by one-third or one-fourth and draft animals died in large numbers. The Black Death of 1347–1352 was more lethal, but the Great Famine was the worst natural catastrophe of the later Middle Ages. [67]
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
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King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late Medieval England (1996). Poos, Larry R. A Rural Society after the Black Death: Essex, 1350–1525 (1991). Putnam, Bertha Haven. The enforcement of the statutes of labourers during the first decade after the black death, 1349–1359 (1908). Williman, Daniel, ed.
As early as the 12th century, some fields in England tilled under the open-field system were enclosed into individually owned fields. The Black Death from 1348 onward accelerated the break-up of the feudal system in England. [46] Many farms were bought by yeomen who enclosed their property and improved their use of the land. More secure control ...
The Black Death, a pandemic of bubonic plague, killed more than one-third of the population of Europe [3] and 30–40% of the population in Britain [4] and caused a dramatic decrease in the supply of labour. Landowners suddenly faced a sharp increase in competition for workers to work for them.
In 1997, a Black farmer from Cumberland County named Timothy Pigford was joined by two other Black farmers in filing a class action lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The suit ...