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The following assumptions are made while deriving Euler's formula: [3] The material of the column is homogeneous and isotropic. The compressive load on the column is axial only. The column is free from initial stress. The weight of the column is neglected. The column is initially straight (no eccentricity of the axial load).
Non-circular cross-sections always have warping deformations that require numerical methods to allow for the exact calculation of the torsion constant. [ 2 ] The torsional stiffness of beams with non-circular cross sections is significantly increased if the warping of the end sections is restrained by, for example, stiff end blocks.
A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
In structural engineering, Johnson's parabolic formula is an empirically based equation for calculating the critical buckling stress of a column. The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to ...
In solid mechanics and structural engineering, section modulus is a geometric property of a given cross-section used in the design of beams or flexural members.Other geometric properties used in design include: area for tension and shear, radius of gyration for compression, and second moment of area and polar second moment of area for stiffness.
Modern columns may be constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick, left bare or clad in an architectural covering, or veneer. Used to support an arch, an impost, or pier, is the topmost member of a column. The bottom-most part of the arch, called the springing, rests on the impost.
Mohr–Coulomb theory is a mathematical model (see yield surface) describing the response of brittle materials such as concrete, or rubble piles, to shear stress as well as normal stress. Most of the classical engineering materials follow this rule in at least a portion of their shear failure envelope.
in these formulas the following parameters are used: = Stress in outer fibers at midpoint, = load at a given point on the load deflection curve, = Support span, (mm) = Width of test beam, (mm) = Depth or thickness of tested beam, (mm)