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Desktopmodells of SPECT, uCT and PET for preclinical use. Preclinical imaging is the visualization of living animals for research purposes, [1] such as drug development. . Imaging modalities have long been crucial to the researcher in observing changes, either at the organ, tissue, cell, or molecular level, in animals responding to physiological or environmental c
Preclinical or small-animal Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography is a radionuclide based molecular imaging modality for small laboratory animals [1] (e.g. mice and rats). Although SPECT is a well-established imaging technique that is already for decades in use for clinical application, the limited resolution of clinical SPECT (~10 mm ...
Optoacoustic imaging in general and MSOT in particular may address a number of challenges for surgical procedures by providing real-time visualization below the tissue surface. In particular, optoacoustic imaging can provide immediate information on the perfusion status of tissues based on analysis of hemoglobin dynamics and oxygenation.
The first intravascular in vivo use in a preclinical model was reported in 1994 [6] and first in human, clinical imaging in 2003. [7] The first OCT imaging catheter and system was commercialized by LightLab Imaging, Inc., a company based in Massachusetts formed following a technology transfer in 1997 from Fujimoto's lab (MIT). [8]
Photoacoustic imaging or optoacoustic imaging is a biomedical imaging modality based on the photoacoustic effect.Non-ionizing laser pulses are delivered into biological tissues and part of the energy will be absorbed and converted into heat, leading to transient thermoelastic expansion and thus wideband (i.e. MHz) ultrasonic emission.
In drug development, preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Combining imaging modalities in one single scanning session also has the advantage of reducing the number of appointments and therefore improving patient comfort. [28] [29] The same clinical decisions that would influence the choice between stand-alone CT or MR imaging would also determine areas where PET-CT or PET-MR would be preferred. [14]
Combining complementary information from different imaging modalities. An example is the fusion of anatomical and functional information. Since the size and shape of structures vary across modalities, it is more challenging to evaluate the alignment quality. This has led to the use of similarity measures such as mutual information. [25]