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  2. Nidana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidana

    The term nidāna appears in numerous ancient and medieval Hindu texts wherein it means "first cause, primary cause, original or essential cause". [3] This includes the Upanishads that include theosophical speculations, [3] as well as medical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, where a large sub-book is titled Nidāna Sthāna (निदानस्थान; "Pathology"), [10 ...

  3. Four causes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes

    Aristotle's word aitia (αἰτία) has, in philosophical scholarly tradition, been translated as 'cause'. This peculiar, specialized, technical, usage of the word 'cause' is not that of everyday English language. [4] Rather, the translation of Aristotle's αἰτία that is nearest to current ordinary language is "explanation." [5] [2] [4]

  4. Idiopathic disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_disease

    The word essential is sometimes synonymous with idiopathic (as in essential hypertension, essential thrombocythemia, and essential tremor) and the same is true of primary (as in primary biliary cholangitis, or primary amenorrhea), with the latter term being used in such cases to contrast with secondary in the sense of "secondary to [i.e ...

  5. List of causes of death by rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_causes_of_death_by...

    The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident. For statistics on preventable ultimate causes, see preventable causes of death.

  6. Disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease

    A primary disease is a disease that is due to a root cause of illness, as opposed to secondary disease, which is a sequela, or complication that is caused by the primary disease. For example, a common cold is a primary disease, where rhinitis is a possible secondary disease, or sequela.

  7. Unmoved mover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover

    Final cause and efficient cause [ edit ] Simplicius argues that the first unmoved mover is a cause not only in the sense of being a final cause—which everyone in his day, as in ours, would accept—but also in the sense of being an efficient cause (1360. 24ff.), and his master Ammonius wrote a whole book defending the thesis (ibid. 1363. 8–10).

  8. Etiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology

    The word is derived from the Greek word αἰτιολογία (aitiología), meaning "giving a reason for" (from αἰτία (aitía) 'cause' and -λογία 'study of'). [1] More completely, etiology is the study of the causes, origins, or reasons behind the way that things are, or the way they function, or it can refer to the causes ...

  9. Dysmenorrhea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysmenorrhea

    There are two types of dysmenorrhea, primary and secondary, based on the absence or presence of an underlying cause. Primary dysmenorrhea occurs without an associated underlying condition, while secondary dysmenorrhea has a specific underlying cause, typically a condition that affects the uterus or other reproductive organs. [5]