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Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spans the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 400 to 700 nanometers. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.
Par yield is based on the assumption that the security in question has a price equal to par value. [5] When the price is assumed to be par value ($100 in the equation below) and the coupon stream and maturity date are already known, the equation below can be solved for par yield.
A Pixel aspect ratio (often abbreviated PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of a pixel in a digital image compared to the height of that pixel. Most digital imaging systems display an image as a grid of tiny, square pixels.
The daily light integral (DLI) is the number of photosynthetically active photons (photons in the PAR range) accumulated in a square meter over the course of a day. It is a function of photosynthetic light intensity and duration (day length) and is usually expressed as moles of light (mol photons) per square meter (m −2) per day (d −1), or: mol·m −2 ·d −1.
(For a par bond and a flat yield curve the DV01, derivative of price w.r.t. yield, and PV01, value of a one-dollar annuity, will actually have the same value. [ citation needed ] ) DV01 or dollar duration can be used for instruments with zero up-front value such as interest rate swaps where percentage changes and modified duration are less useful.
When you’re comparing the yield on a municipal bond with that of a taxable bond, you’ll want to calculate the tax-equivalent yield, so you can account for the tax savings that come with the ...
Various related yield-measures are then calculated for the given price. Where the market price of bond is less than its par value, the bond is selling at a discount. Conversely, if the market price of bond is greater than its par value, the bond is selling at a premium. For this and other relationships between price and yield, see below.
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