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The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.
Poverty has been linked to higher prevalence of many health conditions, including increased risk of chronic disease, injury, deprived infant development, stress, anxiety, depression, and premature death. [2] These health conditions of poverty most burden vulnerable groups such as women, children, ethnic minorities, and disabled people. [2]
Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. [2] Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. [3]
In addition, policies to reduce child poverty are particularly important, as elevated stress hormones in children interfere with the development of brain circuitry and connections, causing long term chemical damage. [109] In most wealthy countries, the relative child poverty rate is 10 percent or less; in the United States, it is 21.9 percent ...
Predictive values can be used to estimate the post-test probability of an individual if the pre-test probability of the individual can be assumed roughly equal to the prevalence in a reference group on which both test results and knowledge on the presence or absence of the condition (for example a disease, such as may determined by "Gold ...
Sensitivity and specificity are prevalence-independent test characteristics, as their values are intrinsic to the test and do not depend on the disease prevalence in the population of interest. [6] Positive and negative predictive values , but not sensitivity or specificity, are values influenced by the prevalence of disease in the population ...
Obesity is associated with poverty due to lack of infrastructure that supports a healthy lifestyle. [17] Often, poverty-areas do not have places to walk or get healthy food nearby, and they are bombarded with unhealthy promotions like cigarettes, alcohol, and fast food. [17] High-poverty areas also had higher death rates than low-poverty areas ...
Predictive value of tests is the probability of a target condition given by the result of a test, [1] often in regard to medical tests.. In cases where binary classification can be applied to the test results, such yes versus no, test target (such as a substance, symptom or sign) being present versus absent, or either a positive or negative test), then each of the two outcomes has a separate ...