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Concrete creep is essentially the sagging of concrete over time. Creep and shrinkage of concrete are two physical properties of concrete.The creep of concrete, which originates from the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in the hardened Portland cement paste (which is the binder of mineral aggregates), is fundamentally different from the creep of metals and polymers.
Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) (), and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) (). [1] Upon hydration, the main reaction products are calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2, written as CH in the cement chemist notation.
Reactive powder concrete, also known as ultra-high-performance concrete, can be even stronger, with strengths of up to 800 MPa (116,000 PSI). [4] These are made by eliminating large aggregate completely, carefully controlling the size of the fine aggregates to ensure the best possible packing, and incorporating steel fibers (sometimes produced ...
Mass concrete is defined by American Concrete Institute Committee 207 as "any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be taken to cope with the generation of heat from the hydration of cement and attendant volume change to minimize cracking."
Samples of "ground granulated blast furnace slag" (left) and "granulated blast furnace slag" (right) Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
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