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The depth of an impact crater in a solid planet or moon may be measured from the local surface to the bottom of the crater, or from the rim of the crater to the bottom. Crater depth diagram. The diagram above shows the full (side) view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater.
The table below is arranged by the continent's percentage of the Earth's land area, and where Asian and Russian structures are grouped together per EID convention. The global distribution of known impact structures apparently shows a surprising asymmetry, [ 37 ] with the small but well-funded European continent having a large percentage of ...
A central-peak crater is the most basic form of complex crater. A central-peak crater can have a tightly spaced, ring-like arrangement of peaks, thus be a peak ring crater, though the peak is often single. [3] Central-peak craters can occur in impact craters via meteorites. An Earthly example is Mistastin crater, in Canada. [1]
Some are centered in impact craters and may form as part of the post-impact evolution of the crater. [28] Others are located along possible faults or fissures. [ 29 ] Laccoliths on the Moon are much wider but less thick than those on Earth, due to the Moon's lower gravity and more fluid magmatism.
Valhalla Basin on Jupiter's moon Callisto, taken by Voyager 1. A multi-ringed basin (also a multi-ring impact basin) is not a simple bowl-shaped crater, or a peak ring crater, but one containing multiple concentric topographic rings; [1] a multi-ringed basin could be described as a massive impact crater, surrounded by circular chains of mountains [2] resembling rings on a bull's-eye.
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. [1] It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions , molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber , through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the ...
An explosion crater is a type of crater formed when material is ejected from the surface of the ground by an explosion at or immediately above or below the surface. Stylised cross-section of a crater formed by a below-ground explosion. A crater is formed by an explosion through the displacement and ejection of material from the ground.
The maar crater has been used for agriculture. There are two types of vent landforms from the explosive interaction of magma and ground or surface water; tuff cones and tuff rings. [ 1 ] Both of the landforms are associated with monogenetic volcanoes and polygenetic volcanoes .