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A multi-target stool DNA test was approved in August 2014 by the FDA as a screening test for non-symptomatic, average-risk adults 50 years or older. [8] A 2017 study found this testing to be less cost effective compared to colonoscopy or fecal occult blood testing. [ 9 ]
A stool ova and parasites exam reveals the presence of typical whipworm eggs. Typically, the Kato-Katz thick-smear technique is used for identification of the Trichuris trichiura eggs in the stool sample. Trichuria eggs often appear larger and more swollen on Kato-Katz preparation compared to when using other techniques. [18]
For identification of infection, the only method clinically available in most areas is the ova and parasite (O&P) exam, which identifies the presence of the organism by microscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimen. This method is sometimes called direct microscopy.
It was developed in 1954 by Japanese medical laboratory scientist Dr. Katsuya Kato (1912–1991). [6] [7] The technique was modified for use in field studies in 1972 by a Brazilian team of researchers led by Brazilian parasitologist Naftale Katz (b.1940), [8] [9] and this modification was adopted by the WHO as a gold standard for multiple helminth infections.
The medication interferes with the parasite’s nutrient intake, which eventually leads to death. However, it has been shown that both albendazole and mebendazole have low cure rate for Trichuris thrichiura specifically, with treatments only achieving cure rates 30,7% for albendazole and 42,1% for mebendazole.
[citation needed] The Kato technique (also called the Kato-Katz technique) is a laboratory method for preparing human stool samples prior to searching for parasite eggs. Eggs per gram is a laboratory test that determines the number of eggs per gram of feces in patients suspected of having a parasitological infection, such as schistosomiasis.
As such, routine examination of fecal material gives a positive diagnosis in only 5 to 15% of infected subjects, [14] and is therefore of little practical diagnostic use. [9] In a heavy infection, female pinworms may adhere to stools that pass out through the anus, and they may thus be detected on the surface on the stool.
An Ova & Parasite (O&P) test or an E. histolytica fecal antigen assay is the proper assay for intestinal infections. Since antibodies may persist for years after clinical cure, a positive serological result may not necessarily indicate an active infection.