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An electrical injury (electric injury) or electrical shock (electric shock) is damage sustained to the skin or internal organs on direct contact with an electric current. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The injury depends on the density of the current , tissue resistance and duration of contact. [ 4 ]
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away by an electric current or electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor. [1]
Electrical burns can be caused by a variety of ways such as touching or grasping electrically live objects, short-circuiting, inserting fingers into electrical sockets, and falling into electrified water. Lightning strikes are also a cause of electrical burns, but this is a less common event. [5]
Static electricity is often generated through tribocharging, the separation of electric charges that occurs when two materials are brought into contact and then separated. Examples of tribocharging include walking on a rug, rubbing a plastic comb against dry hair, rubbing a balloon against a sweater, ascending from a fabric car seat, or ...
A person touching the un-earthed metal casing of an electrical device, while also in contact with a metal object connected to remote earth, is exposed to an electric shock hazard if the device has a fault. If all metal objects are connected, all the metal objects in the building will be at the same potential.
Most garments are not conductive enough to provide personal grounding, so antistatic wrist and foot straps are also worn. There are three types of static control garments that are compliant to the ANSI/ESD S20.20-2014 standards: 1) static control garment, 2) groundable static control garment, 3) groundable static control garment system. [10]
Air moving past an aircraft can lead to a buildup of charge called "precipitation static" or "P-static"; aircraft typically have one or more static wicks to remove it. [143] Checking the status of these is a standard task for pilots. [144] Similarly, helicopter blades move fast, and tribocharging can generate voltages up to 200 kV. [145]
Friction, shock, chemicals Energy, entropic Copper(II) azide: Extreme Shock, static Energy Fulminates: Very high Friction, static, heat, flame, shock Energy Lead(II) azide: High Shock, static Energy Nitrogen triiodide: Extreme [2] Shock, [3] friction, pressure, sound, light, alpha radiation [4] Energy, entropic Picric acid (dry) Moderate Shock ...