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Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins.
Some inflammatory cytokines have additional roles such as acting as growth factors. [5] Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. [5] In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
3586 16153 Ensembl ENSG00000136634 ENSMUSG00000016529 UniProt P22301 P18893 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000572 NM_010548 RefSeq (protein) NP_000563 NP_034678 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 206.77 – 206.77 Mb Chr 1: 130.95 – 130.95 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti- inflammatory cytokine ...
Interleukin-13 has a critical role in goblet cell metaplasia. [12] Goblet cells are filled with mucin (MUC). [12] MUC5AC Mucin 5AC is a gel-like mucin product of goblet cells. [12] Interleukin-13 induces goblet cell differentiation and allows for the production of MUC5AC in tracheal epithelium.
116849 Ensembl ENSG00000127318 ENSMUSG00000090461 UniProt Q9GZX6 Q9JJY8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020525 NM_054079 RefSeq (protein) NP_065386 NP_473420 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 68.25 – 68.25 Mb Chr 10: 118.13 – 118.13 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene. Structure IL-22 is an α-helical cytokine. IL ...
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system.It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
16196 Ensembl ENSG00000104432 ENSMUSG00000040329 UniProt P13232 P10168 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000880 NM_001199886 NM_001199887 NM_001199888 NM_008371 NM_001313888 NM_001313889 NM_001313890 RefSeq (protein) NP_000871 NP_001186815 NP_001186816 NP_001186817 NP_001300817 NP_001300818 NP_001300819 NP_032397 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 78.68 – 78.81 Mb Chr 3: 7.64 – 7.68 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit ...