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Traditionally, litres per mil were used in Norway and Sweden, but both have aligned to the EU standard of L/100 km. [1] Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle's performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. [2]
The four passenger GEM NEV uses 169 Wh/mi (199 mpg‑e; 10.5 kW⋅h/100 km), [28] which equates to 2.6 kWh/100 km per person when fully occupied, albeit at only 24 mph (39 km/h). The General Motors EV1 was rated in a test with a charging efficiency of 373 Wh-AC/mile or 23 kWh/100 km [ 67 ] approximately equivalent to 2.6 L/100 km (110 mpg ...
Again in 2016, the Aeroflot Group fuel consumption is 22.9g/ASK, or 2.86 L/100 km (82 mpg ‑US) per seat, 3.51 L/100 km (67.0 mpg ‑US) per passenger at its 81.5% load factor. [ 32 ] Fuel economy in air transport comes from the fuel efficiency of the aircraft + engine model, combined with airline efficiency: seating configuration , passenger ...
Since 1982, STP has been defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 bar (100 kPa, 10 5 Pa). NIST uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). [3] This standard is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP).
In thermal engineering, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is used to determine the temperature driving force for heat transfer in flow systems, most notably in heat exchangers. The LMTD is a logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold feeds at each end of the double pipe exchanger.
Fuel consumption monitor from a 2006 Honda Airwave.The displayed fuel economy is 18.1 km/L (5.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg ‑US). A Briggs and Stratton Flyer from 1916. Originally an experiment in creating a fuel-saving automobile in the United States, the vehicle weighed only 135 lb (61.2 kg) and was an adaptation of a small gasoline engine originally designed to power a bicycle.
All of the data were computed from data given in "Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and General Use" (IAPWS , 1984) (obsolete as of 1995). [22] This applies to: T – temperature in degrees Celsius; V – specific volume in cubic decimeters per kilogram (1 dm 3 is equivalent to 1 liter)
Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Since 1982, STP is defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). Conversions between each volume flow metric are calculated using the following formulas: Prior to 1982,