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The general chemical formula for alcohol fuel is C n H 2n+1 OH. Most methanol is produced from natural gas, although it can be produced from biomass using very similar chemical processes. Ethanol is commonly produced from biological material through fermentation processes.
A C4-hydrocarbon, butanol is a drop-in fuel and thus works in vehicles designed for use with gasoline without modification. [1] Both n-butanol and isobutanol have been studied as possible fuels. Both can be produced from biomass (as "biobutanol" [2] [3] [4]) as well as from fossil fuels (as "petrobutanol" [5]).
Biofuels include bioethanol, an alcohol made by fermentation—often used as a gasoline additive, and biodiesel, which is usually used as a diesel additive. Specific energy is energy per unit mass , which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [ 1 ]
The two most common types of biofuel are bioethanol and biodiesel. Brazil is the largest producer of bioethanol, while the EU is the largest producer of biodiesel. The energy content in the global production of bioethanol and biodiesel is 2.2 and 1.8 EJ per year, respectively. [17]
The development of second-generation biofuels has seen a stimulus since the food vs. fuel dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of food supply. The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.
Biogasoline chemically differs from common biofuels such as biobutanol and bioethanol, as these substances are alcohols. Biogasoline is, however, chemically similar to biodiesel, which are made with additional carbons.
They define biofuels as "liquid or gaseous transport fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol which are made from biomass". [1] Chemically, biofuels are alcohols produced by fermenting raw materials from starch and sugars. One of the more prominent biofuels, ethanol, is made up of biomass such as sugarcane and corn. Other sources of biofuel such ...
The two main types of biofuel currently being produced in Australia are biodiesel and bioethanol, used as replacements for diesel and petrol respectively. [1] As of 2017 Australia is a relatively small producer of biofuels, accounting for 0.2% of world bioethanol production and 0.1% of world biodiesel production. [2]