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In mathematics and statistics, a probability vector or stochastic vector is a vector with non-negative entries that add up to one.. The positions (indices) of a probability vector represent the possible outcomes of a discrete random variable, and the vector gives us the probability mass function of that random variable, which is the standard way of characterizing a discrete probability ...
In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics , magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance. An order of magnitude is typically defined as a unit of distance between one number and another's numerical places on the decimal scale.
Burgers vector, a vector that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion of dislocation in a crystal lattice; Interval vector, in musical set theory, an array that expresses the intervallic content of a pitch-class set; Probability vector, in statistics, a vector with non-negative entries that sum to one.
A Rayleigh distribution is often observed when the overall magnitude of a vector in the plane is related to its directional components. One example where the Rayleigh distribution naturally arises is when wind velocity is analyzed in two dimensions .
In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin.
In Bayesian statistics, the conjugate prior of the mean vector is another multivariate normal distribution, and the conjugate prior of the covariance matrix is an inverse-Wishart distribution. Suppose then that n observations have been made
The parameter vector is the causal effect on of a one unit change in each element of , holding all other causes of constant. The econometric goal is to estimate β {\displaystyle \beta } . For simplicity's sake assume the draws of e are uncorrelated and that they are drawn from distributions with the same variance (that is, that the errors are ...
A vector pointing from A to B. In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector or simply a vector (sometimes called a geometric vector [1] or spatial vector [2]) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. Euclidean vectors can be added and scaled to form a vector space.