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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), due to the administration of various forms of heparin, an anticoagulant. HIT predisposes to thrombosis (the abnormal formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel ).
Discontinuation of heparin is critical in a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Beyond that, however, clinicians generally treat to avoid thrombosis. [32] Treatment may include a direct thrombin inhibitor, such as lepirudin or argatroban. Other "blood thinners" sometimes used in this setting include bivalirudin and fondaparinux.
Heparin is contraindicated for suspected cases of vaccine-induced pro-thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, as heparin may further increase the risk of bleeding in an anti-PF4/heparin complex autoimmune manner, in favor of alternative anticoagulant medications (such as argatroban or danaparoid).
ICD-9 chapters; Chapter Block Title I 001–139: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases II 140–239: Neoplasms III 240–279: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders IV 280–289: Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs V 290–319: Mental Disorders VI 320–389: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs ...
More rarely, this phenomenon had previously been described as an autoimmune phenomenon in people who had not been exposed to heparin. [29] One striking feature of thrombocytopenia in the presence of anti-PF4 antibodies is the propensity of some to develop thrombosis, a phenomenon called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia if heparin is involved. [30]
It is also more strongly associated with miscarriage, and can cause a number of other symptoms (such as livedo reticularis of the skin and migraine). [18] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is due to an immune system reaction against the anticoagulant drug heparin (or its derivatives). [1]
The heparin:PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin. [9] PF4 autoantibodies have also been found in patients with thrombosis and features resembling HIT but no prior administration of heparin. [10]
The most common side effects include bleeding, which could be severe or even fatal, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, and increases in liver enzyme tests, usually without symptoms. [13] Heparin and LMWHs can sometimes be complicated by a decrease in platelet count, a complication known as Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.13 Two ...