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English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The judiciary is independent , and legal principles like fairness , equality before the law , and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
History of English law is the history of the legal system and laws of England. Coverage of the history of English law is provided by: Fundamental Laws of England; History of English land law; History of English contract law; History of English criminal law; History of trial by jury in England; History of the courts of England and Wales
English law also overlaps with the law of the other parts of the United Kingdom. See also Category:Law of the United Kingdom. This category is for articles that discuss English law as a whole rather than individual laws of England covered in the Category:English laws
English tort law concerns the compensation for harm to people's rights to health and safety, a clean environment, property, their economic interests, or their reputations. A "tort" is a wrong in civil law, [ 1 ] rather than criminal law , that usually requires a payment of money to make up for damage that is caused.
Civil law may, like criminal law, be divided into substantive law and procedural law. [5] The rights and duties of persons (natural persons and legal persons) amongst themselves is the primary concern of civil law. [6] [7] The common law is today as fertile a source for theoretical inquiry as it has ever been. Around the English-speaking world ...
The first element of negligence is the legal duty of care. This concerns the relationship between the defendant and the claimant, which must be such that there is an obligation upon the defendant to take proper care to avoid causing injury to the plaintiff in all the circumstances of the case.
As a matter of contract English law takes the approach that a gratuitous promise, as a matter of contract law, is not legally binding. While a gift that is delivered will transfer property irrevocably, and while someone may always bind themselves to a promise without anything in return to deliver a thing in future if they sign a deed that is ...
The history of English contract law traces back to its roots in civil law, the lex mercatoria and the Industrial Revolution.Modern English contract law is composed primarily of case law decided by the English courts following the Judicature Acts and supplemented by statutory reform.