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A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.
The division of Earth by the Equator and the prime meridian Map roughly depicting the Eastern and Western hemispheres. In geography and cartography, hemispheres of Earth are any division of the globe into two equal halves (hemispheres), typically divided into northern and southern halves by the Equator and into western and eastern halves by the Prime meridian.
Topography globe featuring physical features of the Earth. A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere. Globes serve purposes similar to maps, but, unlike maps, they do not distort the surface that they portray except to scale it down. A model globe of Earth is called a terrestrial globe.
Projects the globe onto eight octants (Reuleaux triangles) with no meridians and no parallels. 1909 Cahill's butterfly map: Polyhedral Compromise Bernard Joseph Stanislaus Cahill: Projects the globe onto an octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous landmasses that may be displayed in various arrangements. 1975 Cahill–Keyes projection
Stripping out unit conversion and uniform scaling, the formulae may be written: = = where is the longitude from the central meridian (in radians), is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe used as the model of the earth for projection.
The curvature of the Earth is evident in the horizon across the image, and the bases of the buildings on the far shore are below that horizon and hidden by the sea. The simplest model for the shape of the entire Earth is a sphere. The Earth's radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). While "radius ...
The formulas for the spherical orthographic projection are derived using trigonometry.They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere.Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ 0, φ 0).
{{Image label begin | image = Australia location map recolored.png | alt = Australia map. Western Australia in the west third with capital Perth, Northern Territory in the north center with capital Darwin, Queensland in the northeast with capital Brisbane, South Australia in the south with capital Adelaide, New South Wales in the northern southeast with capital Sydney, and Victoria in the far ...