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The user will only see the blue screen if the system is not configured to automatically restart (which became the default setting in Windows XP SP2). Otherwise, it appears as though the system simply rebooted (though a blue screen may be visible briefly). In Windows, bug checks are only supported by the Windows NT kernel.
The upper part is accessible only from kernel mode, and with some exceptions, is instantiated just once, system-wide. ntoskrnl.exe is mapped into this region, as are several other kernel mode components. This region also contains data used by kernel mode code, such as the kernel mode heaps and the file system cache.
BSoDs in the Windows NT family initially used the 80×50 text mode with a 720×400 screen resolution, but changed to use the 640×480 screen resolution starting with Windows 2000 up to 7. Windows 2000 used its built-in kernel mode font, Windows XP, Vista, and 7 use the Lucida Console font, and Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 used the Segoe UI ...
Kernel mode in Windows NT has full access to the hardware and system resources of the computer. The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [29]
I/O request packets (IRPs) are kernel mode structures that are used by Windows Driver Model (WDM) and Windows NT device drivers to communicate with each other and with the operating system. They are data structures that describe I/O requests, and can be equally well thought of as "I/O request descriptors" or similar.
When called from ntdll.dll in user mode, these groups are almost exactly the same; they execute an interrupt into kernel mode and call the equivalent function in ntoskrnl.exe via the SSDT. When calling the functions directly in ntoskrnl.exe (only possible in kernel mode), the Zw variants ensure kernel mode, whereas the Nt variants do not. [1]
docs.microsoft.com /en-us /windows /win32 /ktm /kernel-transaction-manager-portal Kernel Transaction Manager ( KTM ) is a component of the Windows operating system kernel in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 that enables applications to use atomic transactions on resources by making them available as kernel objects.
In Windows NT, the booting process is initiated by NTLDR in versions before Vista and the Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) in Vista and later. [4] The boot loader is responsible for accessing the file system on the boot drive, starting ntoskrnl.exe , and loading boot-time device drivers into memory.