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Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements , chiefly hydrogen , sulfur , oxygen , and nitrogen . [ 1 ]
The study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata provides information about the subsurface that is useful for civil engineering, for example in the construction of roads, houses, tunnels, canals or other structures. Sedimentary rocks are also important sources of natural resources including coal, fossil fuels, drinking water and ores.
Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon; Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments; Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells; Diamictite – Type of sedimentary rock; Diatomite – Soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled
Organic-rich sedimentary rocks may act as source rocks which generate hydrocarbons that accumulate in other sedimentary "reservoir" rocks [2] (see oil sands and petroleum geology). Potential source rocks are any type of sedimentary rock that the ability to dispel available carbon from within it (limestone is a classic example of a source rock ...
Bituminous coal. Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. It is typically hard but friable.
Sedimentary organic matter includes the organic carbon component of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The organic matter is usually a component of sedimentary material even if it is present in low abundance (usually lower than 1%). Petroleum (or oil) and natural gas are particular examples of sedimentary organic matter.
Illawarra Coal Measures, group of sedimentary rocks occurring in the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia; Cattamarra Coal Measures, Jurassic geological part of the Perth Basin, Western Australia; Pennine Coal Measures Group, Pennine coal-bearing succession of rock strata in the United Kingdom
Seatearth is a British coal mining term that is used in the geological literature. As noted by Jackson, [1] a seatearth is the layer of sedimentary rock underlying a coal seam. Seatearths have also been called seat earth, "seat rock", or "seat stone" in the geologic literature.