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The treatment choice does not play a major role; a randomized study in 2013 concluded that the rates of intrauterine pregnancy two years after treatment of ectopic pregnancy are approximately 64% with radical surgery, 67% with medication, and 70% with conservative surgery. [67]
Pelvic inflammatory disease, also known as pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID), is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. [5] [2] Often, there may be no symptoms. [1]
The rate of tubal infertility has been reported to be 12% after one, 23% after two, and 53% after three episodes of PID. [1] The fallopian tubes may also be occluded or disabled by endometritis, infections after childbirth and intra-abdominal infections including appendicitis and peritonitis. The formation of adhesions may not necessarily block ...
A heterotopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which both extrauterine pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. [2] It may also be referred to as a combined ectopic pregnancy, multiple‑sited pregnancy, or coincident pregnancy. The most common site of the extrauterine pregnancy is the fallopian tube.
Risk factors include untreated pelvic inflammatory disease, likely due to fallopian tube scarring. [41] Treatment: In most cases, keyhole surgery must be carried out to remove the fetus, along with the fallopian tube. If the pregnancy is very early, it may resolve on its own, or it can be treated with methotrexate, an abortifacient. [42]
As pelvic inflammatory disease is the major cause of hydrosalpinx formation, steps to reduce sexually transmitted infection will reduce incidence of hydrosalpinx. Also, as hydrosalpinx is a sequel to a pelvic infection, adequate and early antibiotic treatment of a pelvic infection is called for.
Because other conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cause similar symptoms, the condition is difficult to diagnose.
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. [5] It is complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as Bacteroides, Gardnerella, E. coli and Streptococcus have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. [6]