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Alpha-synuclein is a synuclein protein primarily found in neural tissue, making up as much as one percent of all proteins in the cytosol of brain cells. [17] It is expressed highly in neurons within the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulb, [17] but can also be found in the non-neuronal glial cells. [18]
An anti-α-synuclein drug, or an α-synuclein inhibitor, is a drug which blocks or inhibits α-synuclein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] α-Synuclein is a protein which is thought to be involved in the development and progression of α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease , dementia with Lewy bodies , and multiple system atrophy .
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is well defined in the Biomolecular condensate page. LLPS databases cover different aspects of LLPS phenomena, ranging from cellular location of the Membraneless Organelles (MLOs) to the role of a particular protein/region forming the condensate state.
Interest in the synuclein family began when alpha-synuclein was found to be mutated in several families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. [ 3 ] All synucleins have in common a highly conserved alpha-helical lipid-binding motif with similarity to the class-A2 lipid-binding domains of the exchangeable apolipoproteins .
The DNA repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be compromised in Lewy body inclusion bearing neurons, and this may trigger cell death. Study of synucleinopathy mouse models of Parkinson's disease indicates that alpha-synuclein pathogenesis is associated with increased DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response. [19]
Top panels show a 60-times magnification of the alpha synuclein intraneuronal inclusions aggregated to form Lewy bodies. The bottom panels are 20 × magnification images that show strand-like Lewy neurites and rounded Lewy bodies of various sizes. Neuromelanin laden cells of the substantia nigra are visible in the background.
Alpha-synuclein modulates DNA repair processes, including repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the process of non-homologous end joining [13] The repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be greatly reduced in Lewy body bearing neurons, and this reduction may trigger cell death.
A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock or security on a particular stock exchange. Ticker symbols are arrangements of symbols or characters (generally Latin letters or digits) which provide a shorthand for investors to refer to, purchase, and research securities.