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Clonidine. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α 2A -adrenergic agonist [12] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. [13]
The side effects could be severe dizziness, fast heartbeat, and swelling of face, lips, tongue, eyelids, hands and feet. Lesser side effects include stomach pain, diarrhea and hypotension. Peripheral edema , a common side effect from the use of amlodipine , was reduced when patients were shifted to cilnidipine.
Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and can reduce the likelihood of dementia ...
Especially when accompanied by shortness of breath, these symptoms can indicate cardiac amyloidosis, Zoghbi says. “It’s a problem of protein misfolding,” he explains. “The protein, which ...
Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue, [1] a type of swelling. [4] Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. [1] Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. [1]
Acute. Causes. Prolonged standing. Differential diagnosis. Cellulitis. Treatment. Rest and leg elevation. Bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema (BLEIL) is a distinct clinical entity characterized by acute lymphedema in both ankles and lower legs after being exposed to prolonged standing, such as during military basic training.
Xylazine is a common veterinary drug used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle, and other mammals. [2] In veterinary anesthesia, it is often used in combination with ketamine. Veterinarians also use xylazine as an emetic, especially in cats. [4]
Sympatholytic. A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). [1] They are indicated for various functions; for example, they may be used as antihypertensives.