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Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused (called a "proband" [1]) was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. In medieval Europe, like trial by combat, trial by ordeal, such as cruentation, was sometimes considered a "judgement of ...
Trial by combat. A 1540s depiction of a judicial combat in Augsburg in 1409, between Marshal Wilhelm von Dornsberg and Theodor Haschenacker. Dornsberg's sword broke early in the duel, but he proceeded to kill Haschenacker with his own sword. Trial by combat (also wager of battle, trial by battle or judicial duel) was a method of Germanic law to ...
Barthelemi Undergoing the Ordeal of Fire (Gustave Doré) Peter Bartholomew (Old French: Pierre Barthelemieu, French: Pierre Barthélemy, c. 1075 – 20 April 1099) was a French soldier and mystic who was part of the First Crusade as part of the army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles. Peter was initially a servant to William, Lord of Cunhlat.
Emma of Normandy (referred to as Ælfgifu in royal documents; [3] c. 984 – 6 March 1052) was a Norman -born noblewoman who became the English, Danish, and Norwegian queen through her marriages to the Anglo-Saxon king Æthelred the Unready and the Danish king Cnut the Great. A daughter of the Norman ruler Richard the Fearless and Gunnor, she ...
The ordeal had to be overseen by a priest at a place designated by the bishop. The most common forms in England were ordeal by hot iron and ordeal by water. [67] Before a defendant was put through the ordeal, the plaintiff had to establish a prima facie case under oath. The plaintiff was assisted by his own supporters or "suit", who might act ...
Athelston is an anonymous Middle English verse romance in 812 lines, dating from the mid or late 14th century. [1][2] Modern scholars often classify it as a "Matter of England" romance, because it deals entirely with pre-Conquest English settings and characters. [3] It is mainly written in twelve-line stanzas rhyming AABCCBDDBEEB, though the ...
Compurgation. Compurgation, also called trial by oath, wager of law, and oath-helping, was a defence used primarily in medieval law. A defendant could establish his innocence or nonliability by taking an oath and by getting a required number of persons, typically twelve, to swear they believed the defendant's oath.
The Last Duel, a drama documentary based on the book and including comments by Jager, was broadcast by BBC Four as part of a medieval-themed season on 24 April 2008. A film adaptation of the novel was announced in July 2019 to be directed by Ridley Scott , with Ben Affleck , Jodie Comer and Matt Damon as stars, co-writers, and producers.