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  2. Warrantless searches in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrantless_searches_in...

    Warrantless searches are searches and seizures conducted without court-issued search warrants.. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which states, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not ...

  3. Riley v. California - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_v._California

    Diaz (2011) Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014), [1] is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the court ruled that the warrantless search and seizure of the digital contents of a cell phone during an arrest is unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment. [2][3] The case arose from inconsistent rulings on cell phone searches ...

  4. Search warrant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_warrant

    A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries, a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil process. Jurisdictions that respect the rule of law ...

  5. Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the...

    A search or seizure is generally unreasonable and unconstitutional if conducted without a valid warrant [94] and the police must obtain a warrant whenever practicable. [95] Searches and seizures without a warrant are not considered unreasonable if one of the specifically established and well-delineated exceptions to the warrant requirement applies.

  6. Motor vehicle exception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_exception

    United States. [1][2] The motor vehicle exception allows officers to search a vehicle without a search warrant if they have probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is in the vehicle. [3] The exception is based on the idea that there is a lower expectation of privacy in motor vehicles because of the regulations under which they ...

  7. Carroll v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_v._United_States

    The Court noted that Congress early observed the need for a search warrant in non-border search situations, [2] and Congress always recognized "a necessary difference" between searches of buildings and vehicles "for contraband goods, where it is not practical to secure a warrant, because the vehicle can be quickly moved out of the locality or jurisdiction in which the warrant must be sought."

  8. Border search exception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_search_exception

    In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. [1] Generally speaking, searches within 100 miles of the border are more permissible without a warrant than those conducted elsewhere in the U.S ...

  9. Katz v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katz_v._United_States

    Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court redefined what constitutes a "search" or "seizure" with regard to the protections of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. [1] The ruling expanded the Fourth Amendment's protections from an individual's "persons, houses ...