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Common absorption refrigerators use a refrigerant with a very low boiling point (less than −18 °C (0 °F)) just like compressor refrigerators.Compression refrigerators typically use an HCFC or HFC, while absorption refrigerators typically use ammonia or water and need at least a second fluid able to absorb the coolant, the absorbent, respectively water (for ammonia) or brine (for water).
Air conditioning can be achieved using a mechanical 'air conditioner' or by other methods, including passive cooling and ventilative cooling. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) . [ 4 ]
The condenser is the hot side of an air conditioner or heat pump. Condensers are heat exchangers, and can transfer heat to air or to an intermediate fluid (such as water or an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol ) to carry heat to a distant sink, such as ground (earth sink), a body of water, or air (as with cooling towers).
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
The first cooling systems for food involved ice. [6] Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s. [7] In 1834, the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system, using the same technology seen in air conditioners, was built. [8] The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854. [9]
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Free cooling systems can have very high efficiencies, and are sometimes combined with seasonal thermal energy storage so that the cold of winter can be used for summer air conditioning. Common storage mediums are deep aquifers or a natural underground rock mass accessed via a cluster of small-diameter, heat-exchanger-equipped boreholes.
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