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Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone abbreviated as GBAP is a cyclic peptide produced by pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. [1] GAP is part of the quorum sensing system of certain bacteria where it positively regulates the expression of gelatinase and serine proteases that are under the control of the gelE-sprE operon.
72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene. [5] The MMP2 gene is located on chromosome 16 at position 12.2.
The gelatin test is used to analyze whether a microbe can hydrolyze gelatin with the enzyme gelatinase. The gelatin makes the agar solid, so if an organism can produce gelatinase and consume gelatin as an energy and carbon source, the agar will become liquid during growth.
Gelatinase enzymes can be found in a number of eukaryotes, including mammals, and birds; bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), and fungi, but may have variations among species based on identification and function of the gelatinase type.
Enzyme activity can also be given as that of certain standardized substrates, such as gelatin, then measured in gelatin digesting units (GDU), or milk proteins, then measured in milk clotting units (MCU). The units GDU and MCU are based on how fast one gram of the enzyme will digest gelatin or milk proteins, respectively. 1 GDU approximately ...
The small molecules, generated by the exoenzyme activity, enter into cells and are utilized for various cellular functions. Bacteria and fungi also produce exoenzymes to digest nutrients in their environment , and these organisms can be used to conduct laboratory assays to identify the presence and function of such exoenzymes. [ 2 ]
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as oncogene 24p3 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCN2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] NGAL is involved in innate immunity by sequestering iron and preventing its use by bacteria , thus limiting their growth. [ 8 ]
When P. vulgaris is tested using the API 20E identification system [1] it produces positive results for sulfur reduction, urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, indole production, sometimes positive gelatinase activity, and saccharose fermentation, and negative results for the remainder of the tests on the testing strip.