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Immigration policies which selectively grant freedom of movement to targeted individuals are intended to produce a net economic gain for the host country. They can also mean net loss for a poor donor country through the loss of the educated minority – a " brain drain ".
These are lists of countries by foreign-born population and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).. According to the United Nations, in 2019, the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and France had the largest number of immigrants of any country, while Tuvalu, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Tokelau had the lowest.
International migration occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of the time. [1] Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country.
Optimism, the idea that if they put in the work, they will achieve social mobility in the host nation, is also an important factor that motivates immigrant generations to work hard and succeed. [22] Most immigrant generations learn their mother tongue alongside the local national language(s) of their host country. As bilinguals, they have ...
legal alien — any foreign national who is permitted under the law to be in the host country. This is a very broad category which includes travel visa holders or foreign tourists, registered refugees , temporary residents , permanent residents , and those who have relinquished their citizenship and/or nationality. [ 7 ]
Circular migration or repeat migration is the temporary and usually repetitive movement of a migrant worker between home and host areas, typically for the purpose of employment. It represents an established pattern of population mobility, whether cross-country or rural-urban.
India was the third largest source country for immigration to Canada in 2012. [91] Newcomers tend to settle in the major urban areas of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. After Justin Trudeau became Prime Minister in 2015, he increased immigration targets. Population and housing prices rose more in Canada than in any other G7 country. [92]
Return migration refers to the individual or family decision of a migrant to leave a host country and to return permanently to the country of origin. Research topics include the return migration process, motivations for returning, the experiences returnees encounter, and the impacts of return migration on both the host and the home countries.