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  2. LED circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_circuit

    Simple LED (Light Emitting Diode) circuit diagram. In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED.

  3. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

    Simple LED circuit with resistor for current limiting. The current in an LED or other diodes rises exponentially with the applied voltage (see Shockley diode equation), so a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. Current through the LED must be regulated by an external circuit such as a constant current source to prevent ...

  4. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

    The inner workings of an LED, showing circuit (top) and band diagram (bottom) The p–n junction in any direct band gap material emits light when electric current flows through it. This is electroluminescence. Electrons cross from the n-region and recombine with the holes existing in the p-region.

  5. Flashlight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlight

    A set of modern LED flashlights. A flashlight or electric torch (Commonwealth English), usually shortened to torch, is a portable hand-held electric lamp.Formerly, the light source typically was a miniature incandescent light bulb, but these have been displaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) since the early 2000s.

  6. LED lamp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

    A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...

  7. Joule thief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_thief

    Joule thief with regulated output voltage Example of a joule thief circuit driving an LED. The coil consists of a standard ferrite toroid core with two windings of 20 turns each using 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) diameter wire (38 swg) (34-35 AWG). The circuit can utilize an input voltage down to about 0.35 V and can run for weeks using a 1.5 V LR6/AA.

  8. Opto-isolator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opto-isolator

    Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right [note 1]. An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. [1]

  9. Circuit diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_diagram

    A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.