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Elizabeth Shilin Spelke FBA (born May 28, 1949) is an American cognitive psychologist at the Department of Psychology of Harvard University and director of the Laboratory for Developmental Studies. Starting in the 1980s, she carried out experiments on infants and young children to test their cognitive faculties.
Elliott was born in 1933 to Lloyd and Margaret (Benson) Jennison on her family's farm in or near Riceville, Iowa.She was the fourth of several children. [6] [7]In 1952, after graduating from high school, Elliott attended the Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), where she attained an emergency elementary teaching certificate in five quarters.
Ellen Jane Langer (/ ˈ l æ ŋ ər /; born March 25, 1947) is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University; in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard. [1] [2] She is widely known as the "mother of mindfulness" [3] and the "mother of positive psychology". [4]
In the experiment, Valins showed ten pictures of attractive, half-naked women (then Playboy photos) in two passes to male subjects. The participants in the experimental group were connected before the start of the experiment to an apparatus which allegedly recorded their heartbeat. [ 2 ]
The experiments were motivated by a system of scientific racism and were carried out by researchers from the University of Adelaide. In 2002, the vice chancellor of the university described the experiments as "degrading and in some cases barbarous" and the school issued a formal apology to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups.
The authors map moral domain with the emphasis of including women's voices for developmental psychology and education for both men and women. [30] This book is a contribution of women's thinking to psychology theory and education. In Gilligan's previous book, In a Different Voice, Gilligan called the two different perspectives "gender specific ...
[8] [1] One typical study from 1989 found that 32% of college women failed the test, compared to 15% of college men. [8] A 1995 experiment found that 50% of undergraduate males and 25% of females performed "very well" on the task and 20% of males and 35% of females performed "poorly". [1] Similar sex differences have been confirmed ...
Karen Wynn is known for her pioneering work on infants' and children's early numerical cognition.The first of her many influential research studies on this topic, published in the scientific journal Nature in 1992, reported that five-month-old human infants are able to compute the outcomes of simple addition and subtraction operations on small sets of physical objects.