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In computing, multiple instruction, single data (MISD) is a type of parallel computing architecture where many functional units perform different operations on the same data. Pipeline architectures belong to this type, though a purist might say that the data is different after processing by each stage in the pipeline.
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. [1] Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism.
Due to the inherent difficulties in full automatic parallelization, several easier approaches exist to get a parallel program in higher quality. One of these is to allow programmers to add "hints" to their programs to guide compiler parallelization, such as HPF for distributed memory systems and OpenMP or OpenHMPP for shared memory systems.
The parallel random-access machine [10] The actor model; Computational bridging models such as the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model; Petri nets; Process calculi. Calculus of communicating systems (CCS) Communicating sequential processes (CSP) model; π-calculus; Tuple spaces, e.g., Linda; Simple Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming (SCOOP)
In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality : how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures ...
Multiprogramming is a computing technique that enables multiple programs to be concurrently loaded and executed into a computer's memory, allowing the CPU to switch between them swiftly. This optimizes CPU utilization by keeping it engaged with the execution of tasks, particularly useful when one program is waiting for I/O operations to complete.
by Michel Auguin (University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis) and François Larbey (Thomson/Sintra), [1] [2] [3] as a “fork-and-join” and data-parallel approach where the parallel tasks (“single program”) are split-up and run simultaneously in lockstep on multiple SIMD processors with different inputs, and
Minimizing the depth/span is important in designing parallel algorithms, because the depth/span determines the shortest possible execution time. [8] Alternatively, the span can be defined as the time T ∞ spent computing using an idealized machine with an infinite number of processors. [9] The cost of the computation is the quantity pT p. This ...