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Micellar originates from France, with its usage in skincare dating back to 1913. [5] Its popularity boomed internationally when French pharmaceutical company Bioderma released their product Sensibio H2O micellar water in 1991, which is said to be sold every two seconds worldwide today. [6]
The shape and size of a micelle are a function of the molecular geometry of its surfactant molecules and solution conditions such as surfactant concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms part of the phase behaviour of many lipids according to their polymorphism .
Light scattering should not be a concern due to the small size, a few nanometers, of the micelle. [1] The effect of organic additives on micellar properties is another important consideration. A small amount of organic solvent is often added to the mobile phase to help improve efficiency and to improve separations of compounds.
The driving mechanism for micellization is the transfer of hydrocarbon chains from water into the oil-like interior. This entropic effect is called the hydrophobic effect. Compared to the increase of entropy of the surrounding water molecules, this hydrophobic interaction is relatively small. The water molecules are highly ordered around the ...
Laboratoires Garnier was founded in France in 1904 by Alfred Amour Garnier. [1] The company's first product was a patented as the first hair lotion derived from natural plant ingredients. [ 2 ] The company then introduced sun-care products in 1936, followed by permanent home hair color in 1960.
(mol/s)/(m 2 ·mol/m 3) = m/s; Note, the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in. The driving force shown here as ' ' is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units.