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It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States's federal-level service. It was originally developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR), which included representatives of the U.S. Foreign Service Institute , based at the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (NFATC).
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
Language proficiency is the ability of an individual to use language with a level of accuracy which transfers meaning in production and comprehension.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
The Oxford Test of English and Oxford Test of English for Schools certify at A2, B1, and B2 levels. The Oxford Test of English Advanced certifies at B2 and C1. Test takers who do not achieve a certified CEFR level receive an indicative ‘Below’ level. The table below shows the standardised scores, CEFR levels and indicative ‘Below’ levels:
The test lasts about 60 minutes and consists of 5 areas. It is composed of tasks that assess grammar, vocabulary, organization, substance, and style. The test has a score range between level 1 and the level 11, with test takers grouped into eleven proficiency levels for Writing. [13]
Cambridge Assessment English exams, starting with C2 Proficiency in 1913, B2 First in 1939, and B1 Preliminary in 1980, gave learners and teachers different curriculum and examination levels. [1] By the early 1990s, with the addition of A2 Key and C1 Advanced , Cambridge English exams provided a range of different curriculum and examination levels.
The grades and CEFR levels are set at specific points on the Cambridge English Scale. For example, in C1 Advanced, a Cambridge English Scale score of 195 represents a grade B and indicates that the candidate is at CEFR Level C1, whereas a Cambridge English Scale score of 205 represents a grade A and indicates that the candidate is at CEFR Level C2.