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In astronomy, coordinate systems are used for specifying positions of celestial objects (satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, etc.) relative to a given reference frame, based on physical reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface). [1]
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied, still active in the 2020s they are heading out into interstellar space returning data from newly explored distances. Europa Clipper. Mission: mission to study Jupiter and Europa. Launched: 14 October 2024; Destination: Jupiter; Arrival: 11 April 2030 (en ...
Robotic space probes, the Apollo program landings of humans on the Moon, and space telescopes have vastly increased human knowledge about the atmosphere, geology, and electromagnetic properties of other planets, giving rise to the new field of planetary science. The Solar System is one of many planetary systems in the galaxy.
A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...
NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this view of Jupiter during the mission's 54th close flyby of the giant planet Sept. 7, 2023.
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
From planetary meet-ups to the first total lunar eclipse in three years, here are the top astronomy events to look for throughout 2025: Stellar views of Mars will greet stargazers in January as ...
Both moved through Earth–Moon Lagrangian points, and are now in lunar orbit. [34] [35] WIND: Sun–Earth L 2: NASA: Arrived at L 2 in November 2003 and departed April 2004. Gaia Space Observatory: Sun–Earth L 2: ESA: Launched 19 December 2013. [36] Operational as of 2020. [37] Chang'e 5-T1 Service Module: Earth–Moon L 2: CNSA