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De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact", is that which exists without sanction of the law. De facto segregation continues today in such closely related areas as residential segregation and school segregation because of both contemporary behavior and the historical legacy of de jure segregation.
1864–1908: [Statute] Passed three Jim Crow laws between 1864 and 1908, all concerning miscegenation. School segregation was barred in 1876, followed by ending segregation of public facilities in 1885. Four laws protecting civil liberties were passed between 1930 and 1957 when the anti-miscegenation statute was repealed.
In Texas, several towns adopted residential segregation laws between 1910 and the 1920s. Legal strictures called for segregated water fountains and restrooms. [37] The exclusion of African Americans also found support in the Republican lily-white movement. [38]
Some passed laws against minorities; others erected signs, such as one posted in the 1930s in Hawthorne, California, which read, "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Set On YOU In Hawthorne." [7] Discrimination was also accomplished through restrictive covenants in residential areas that were agreed to by the community's real estate agents. In others ...
Restrictions that prohibited people of color from buying, renting, or occupying the property in the 1920s to 1940s have been found by researchers. History uncovered: UW research finds thousands of ...
De jure segregation was outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [12] In specific areas, however, segregation was barred earlier by the Warren Court in decisions such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned school segregation in the United States.
A century ago, Virginia's Racial Integrity Act became a model for segregation. The impact on Native people is still being felt. How Virginia Used Segregation Law to Erase Native Americans
President Lyndon B. Johnson hands a pen to Rev. Martin Luther King after signing the historic Civil Rights Act in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1964.