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The discovery of the ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths below 200 nm, named "vacuum ultraviolet" because it is strongly absorbed by the oxygen in air, was made in 1893 by German physicist Victor Schumann. [18]
Ultraviolet astronomy is the observation of electromagnetic radiation at ultraviolet wavelengths between approximately 10 and 320 nanometres; shorter wavelengths—higher energy photons—are studied by X-ray astronomy and gamma-ray astronomy. [1] Ultraviolet light is not visible to the human eye. [2]
The terms chemical and heat rays were eventually dropped in favor of ultraviolet and infrared radiation, respectively. [1] 1895 Discovery of the ultraviolet radiation below 200 nm, named vacuum ultraviolet (later identified as photons) because it is strongly absorbed by air, by the German physicist Victor Schumann [2] 1895
In the 19th century new developments such as the discovery of photography, Rowland's [40] invention of the concave diffraction grating, and Schumann's [41] works on discovery of vacuum ultraviolet (fluorite for prisms and lenses, low-gelatin photographic plates and absorption of UV in air below 185 nm) made advance to shorter wavelengths very fast.
International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE or Explorer 57, formerly SAS-D), [2] was the first space observatory primarily designed to take ultraviolet (UV) electromagnetic spectrum. The satellite was a collaborative project between NASA , the United Kingdom 's Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC, formerly UKSRC) and the European Space ...
Radiation, in general, exists throughout nature, such as in light and sound. In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. [1] [2] This includes:
1893 – Wilhelm Wien: Wien's displacement law for black-body radiation; 1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen: X-rays; 1896 – Henri Becquerel: Radioactivity; 1896 – Pieter Zeeman: Zeeman effect; 1897 – J. J. Thomson: Electron discovered; 1900 – Max Planck: Formula for black-body radiation – the quanta solution to radiation ultraviolet catastrophe
All UV frequencies have been classed as Group 1 carcinogens by the World Health Organization. Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the primary cause of skin cancer. [65] [66] Thus, at UV frequencies and higher, electromagnetic radiation does more damage to biological systems than simple heating predicts.