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Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) [a] was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland , but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest ...
In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of "King" or "Queen of England".
Charles was born at St James's Palace on 29 May 1630, eldest surviving son of Charles I, king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII of France. Charles was their second child (the first being a son born about a year before, who had died within a day). [ 2 ]
There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707.England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603; while the style, "King of Great Britain" first arose at that time, legislatively the title came into force in 1707.
The line of succession to the Scottish throne was governed by the Claim of Right Act 1689: Princess Anne of Denmark (born 1665), sister of the king's late wife; Upon his death, the throne passed to the first person in line, who became Queen Anne. The succession continued with the monarchs of Great Britain.
King of England r. 955–959: Æthelflæd: King Edgar I the Peaceful c. 943 –975 King of England r. 959–975: Queen Ælfthryth c. 945 –1000/1001 wife of King Edgar I: Harald II c. 996–998 –c. 1018 King of Denmark: Estrid Svendsdatter 990/997–1057/1073 Danish Princess: Richard I Duke of Normandy 933–996 Comté de Rouen: King Edward ...
Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was executed on Tuesday, 30 January 1649 [b] outside the Banqueting House on Whitehall, London. The execution was the culmination of political and military conflicts between the royalists and the parliamentarians in England during the English Civil War , leading to the capture and trial of Charles.
The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the Scottish House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII, descended through his mother from the House of Beaufort , a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster , a cadet house of the Plantagenets.