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Hydrostatic equilibrium, the state of a system in which compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force; Hyperbolic equilibrium point, a mathematical concept in physics; Mechanical equilibrium, the state in which the sum of the forces, and torque, on each particle of the system is zero
In fluid mechanics, hydrostatic equilibrium (hydrostatic balance, hydrostasy) is the condition of a fluid or plastic solid at rest, which occurs when external forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. [1] In the planetary physics of Earth, the pressure-gradient force prevents gravity from collapsing the planetary ...
A geostrophic current is an oceanic current in which the pressure gradient force is balanced by the Coriolis effect. The direction of geostrophic flow is parallel to the isobars , with the high pressure to the right of the flow in the Northern Hemisphere , and the high pressure to the left in the Southern Hemisphere .
[1]: 39 By extension, a physical system made up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on each of its individual parts is zero. [ 1 ] : 45–46 [ 2 ] In addition to defining mechanical equilibrium in terms of force, there are many alternative definitions for mechanical equilibrium which are all mathematically equivalent.
In the case of atmospheres, the pressure-gradient force is balanced by the gravitational force, maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium. In Earth's atmosphere , for example, air pressure decreases at altitudes above Earth's surface, thus providing a pressure-gradient force which counteracts the force of gravity on the atmosphere.
[1] [2] The best-known bridge circuit, the Wheatstone bridge , was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie and popularized by Charles Wheatstone , and is used for measuring resistance . It is constructed from four resistors, two of known values R 1 and R 3 (see diagram), one whose resistance is to be determined R x , and one which is variable and ...
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states.
The steady-state balanced-flow equations do not explain how the flow was set in motion in the first place. Also, if pressure patterns change quickly enough, balanced-flow speeds cannot help track the air parcels over long distances, simply because the forces that the parcel feels have changed while it is displaced.