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The Antiqua–Fraktur dispute was a typographical dispute in 19th- and early 20th-century Germany. In most European countries, blackletter typefaces like the German Fraktur were displaced with the creation of the Antiqua typefaces in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, in Germany and Austria, the two styles of printing coexisted until the ...
The family of typefaces was sold by number rather than using weight names. Commonly used numbers included: Grotesque No. 5 – condensed; Grotesque No. 6 – wide [12] Grotesque No. 7 – (shown on specimen, above) light condensed; Grotesque No. 8 – wide, bold. [12] Grotesque No. 9 – (shown on specimen, above) condensed, bold.
Alphabet in Kurrent script from about 1865. The next-to-last line shows the umlauts ä, ö, ü, and the corresponding capital letters Ae, Oe, and Ue; and the last line shows the ligatures ch, ck, th, sch, sz (), and st. Danish Kurrent script (»gotisk skrift«) from about 1800 with Æ and Ø at the end of the alphabet Sample font table of German handwriting by Kaushik Carlini, 2021
The 19th century brought fewer stylistic innovations. The most notable invention was the rise of typefaces with strengthened serifs. Forerunners were the so-called Egyptienne fonts, which were used already at the beginning of the 19th century.
Miller & Richard's original specimen for their Old Style fonts, in a mock-traditional style with the long s and archaic ligatures. [1]Old Style, later referred to as modernised old style, was the name given to a series of serif typefaces cut from the mid-nineteenth century and sold by the type foundry Miller & Richard, of Edinburgh in Scotland.
Sütterlin is based on older German handwriting, which is a handwriting form of the Blackletter scripts such as Fraktur and Schwabacher, the German print scripts used at the same time. It includes the long s (ſ) as well as several standard ligatures such as ff (f-f), ſt (ſ-t), st (s-t), and ß (ſ-z or ſ-s).
The abstracted long "s" (resembling a barless "f") fell out of use in the 19th century. The word "Antiqua" written in the Antiqua style. Antiqua (/ æ n ˈ t iː k w ə /) [1] is a style of typeface used to mimic styles of handwriting or calligraphy common during the 15th and 16th centuries. [2]
In the 19th century, the use of antiqua alongside Fraktur increased, leading to an Antiqua-Fraktur dispute which lasted until the Nazis mandated an end to the use of Fraktur in 1941. By then, Fraktur had been the most common and well-known blackletter style in Germany for a long time, and as a result all kinds of blackletter (including ...