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History of women in workforce. A Woman's Wage: Historical Meanings and Social Consequences by Alice Kessler-Harris (updated edition, 2014) Challenging Professions: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Women's Professional Work by Elizabeth Smyth, Sandra Acker, Paula Bourne, and Alison Prentice (1999)
William Chafe in 1972 [10] called the war a "watershed event" forcing a change in attitudes about women in the workforce. However, women were also employed during World War I, and no such change in attitude occurred after that. [citation needed] By 1950 the portion of all women in the labor force was down to 32%. [5]
The first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives was in 1917, Jeannette Rankin, who represented Montana. Women who served before her were finishing someone else's term who died in office or had resigned. [21] In 2007, Nancy Pelosi was elected the 52nd Speaker of the House of Representatives. Pelosi is the only woman in U.S ...
Women's work and therefore women themselves can be "rendered invisible" in situations in which women's work is a supportive role to "men's work". [8] For example, in peace negotiations , terms and language used may refer to ' combatants ' to indicate the army in question. [ 8 ]
Since 1960, foreign-born immigrant women have the lowest labor market participation rate between all of the groups in the United States. [58] The groups include immigrant men and individuals born in the United States. [58] Foreign-born immigrant women participate in the labor force between 75 and 78 percent lower than native born males. [58]
Historically women's place was in the home, while the males were in the workforce. This division consequently formed expectations for both men and women in society and occupations. These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism.
Women in the workforce in Francoist Spain faced high levels of discrimination. The end of the Spanish Civil War saw a return of traditional gender roles in the country. These were enforced by the regime through laws that regulated women's labor outside the home and the return of the Civil Code of 1889 and the former Law Procedure Criminal, which treated women as legally inferior to men.
Women usually work fewer hours in income generating jobs than men do. [5] Often it is housework that is unpaid. Worldwide, women and girls are responsible for a great amount of household work. [2] The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World, published in 2008, stated that in Madagascar, women spend 20 hours per week on housework, while men spend ...