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2. Nicotine dependence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_dependence

   A National Institute on Drug Abuse video entitled Anyone Can Become Addicted to Drugs. [21]Nicotine dependence is defined as a neurobiological adaptation to repeated drug exposure that is manifested by highly controlled or compulsive use, the development of tolerance, experiencing withdrawal symptoms upon cessation including cravings, and an inability to quit despite harmful effects. [9]

3. Substance intoxication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_intoxication

   Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance. [1] It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible. [2]

4. Substance-induced psychosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis

   Psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorders outlined within the ICD-10 codes F10.5—F19.5: F10.5 alcohol: [8] [9] [10] Alcohol is a common cause of psychotic disorders or episodes, which may occur through acute intoxication, chronic alcoholism, withdrawal, exacerbation of existing disorders, or acute idiosyncratic reactions. [8]

5. Substance dependence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_dependence

   Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...

6. Nicotine poisoning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_poisoning

   The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...

7. Vaping — Even Without Nicotine — Has an Immediate Negative ...

   www.aol.com/vaping-even-without-nicotine...

   In three sessions, each study participant underwent two MRI exams, one before and one after smoking a tobacco cigarette, e-cigarette with nicotine and e-cigarette without nicotine, or at each ...

8. Nicotine withdrawal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_withdrawal

   Nicotine is an addictive substance found most commonly in tobacco and tobacco products including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, e-cigarette liquid, pipe tobacco, snus, snuff, and nicotine medications such as nicotine gum. Withdrawal is the body’s reaction to not having the nicotine it had become accustomed to.

9. Biden FDA moves forward with rule to lower nicotine in ...

   www.aol.com/biden-fda-moves-forward-rule...

   Cigarettes are a leading preventable cause of death due to their contribution to cancer and heart disease risks — with an estimated 480,000 Americans dying per year due to tobacco use, with ...