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  2. Biogenic silica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_silica

    Biogenic silica (bSi), also referred to as opal, biogenic opal, or amorphous opaline silica, forms one of the most widespread biogenic minerals. For example, microscopic particles of silica called phytoliths can be found in grasses and other plants. Silica is an amorphous metalloid oxide formed by complex inorganic polymerization processes.

  3. Opal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal

    The black fire opal is the official gemstone of Nevada. Most of the precious opal is partial wood replacement. The precious opal is hosted and found in situ within a subsurface horizon or zone of bentonite, which is considered a "lode" deposit. Opals which have weathered out of the in situ deposits are alluvial and considered placer deposits.

  4. Peridot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridot

    The Oxford English Dictionary suggests an alteration of Anglo–Norman pedoretés (classical Latin pæderot-), a kind of opal, rather than the Arabic word faridat, meaning "gemstone". The Middle English Dictionary ' s entry on peridot includes several variations: peridod, peritot, pelidod and pilidod — other variants substitute y for letter i ...

  5. Opalescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalescence

    Opalescence or play of color is an optical phenomenon associated with the mineraloid gemstone opal, [1] a hydrated silicon dioxide. [2] This effect appears as a milky, translucent glow that changes with the angle of light, often creating a soft, pearly sheen that can display various colors or hues.

  6. Doublet (lapidary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_(lapidary)

    A doublet is a type of assembled gem composed in two sections. [1] It is sometimes used to imitate other, more expensive gems. Opal Doublet. A garnet and glass doublet uses a top portion of natural garnet fused to any color of glass to imitate a gem. The color of glass used in the doublet is all that is seen, as the garnet provides no color.

  7. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Calcite. Manganoan calcite (var.); Caledonite; Canasite; Cancrinite. Vishnevite; Carletonite; Carnallite; Cassiterite; Catapleiite; Cavansite; Celestite; Ceruleite ...

  8. Heliotrope (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)

    A rough specimen of bloodstone. Heliotropes (from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios) 'sun' and τρέπειν (trépein) 'to turn') (also called ematille, Indian bloodstones, or simply bloodstones) are aggregate minerals, and cryptocrystalline mixture of quartz that occurs mostly as jasper or sometimes as chalcedony (translucent).

  9. Chrysoberyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoberyl

    Gems lacking the silky inclusions required to produce the cat's eye effect are usually faceted. An alexandrite cat's eye is a chrysoberyl cat's eye that changes color. "Milk and honey" is a term commonly used to describe the color of the best cat's eyes.